Exercise 1 – Vocabulary

Repeat each word, definition, and example sentence after your tutor.

1. sustainability (noun) – the practice of meeting current needs without harming future generations.
   Example: Many companies are now focusing on sustainability to reduce their environmental impact.

2. carbon footprint (noun) – the amount of greenhouse gases produced by a person, company, or activity.
   Example: Switching to renewable energy can reduce a company’s carbon footprint.

3. renewable energy (noun) – energy from sources that naturally replenish, like solar or wind.
   Example: The company invested in renewable energy to power its factories.

4. supply chain (noun) – the network of people and businesses involved in producing and delivering a product.
   Example: Customers increasingly want to know if a company’s supply chain is ethical.

5. corporate responsibility (noun) – a business’s obligation to consider its impact on society and the environment.
   Example: Corporate responsibility is becoming a key part of brand reputation.

6. innovation (noun) – the introduction of new ideas, methods, or products.
   Example: Innovation is essential for developing eco-friendly technologies.

7. profitability (noun) – the ability of a business to earn more money than it spends.
   Example: Sustainable businesses must balance profitability with ethical practices.

Exercise 2 – Article

Sustainable Business Practices in 2025

By 2025, sustainability has moved from being a marketing trend to a core business strategy. Consumers, investors, and even governments are demanding that companies take responsibility for their environmental and social impact.

One major shift has been the pressure to reduce the carbon footprint of operations. Companies are investing in renewable energy, reducing plastic use, and making supply chains more transparent. Many global brands now publish annual sustainability reports to show progress and build trust with customers.

At the same time, businesses are learning that sustainability and profitability are not mutually exclusive. In fact, eco-friendly innovation can lower costs in the long run. For example, energy-efficient buildings reduce electricity bills, and recycling programs save on raw materials.

However, challenges remain. Building sustainable supply chains is complex, especially when working with multiple countries that have different regulations. Smaller companies may also struggle with the upfront costs of green technology.

Despite these hurdles, sustainability has become a key measure of corporate responsibility. Experts predict that in the next decade, businesses that fail to adapt will lose both customers and investors.

Exercise 3 – Discussion

• Do you think companies should focus more on profitability or sustainability? Why?

• Would you be willing to pay more for a product if it was environmentally friendly?

• In your country, do people care about how sustainable a company is?

• What do you think motivates companies to go green — genuine care, or customer pressure?

• Should governments make sustainability laws stricter for businesses?

Exercise 4 – Further Discussion

• Can small businesses compete with large corporations in sustainability efforts?

• How might global supply chains change if sustainability becomes mandatory?

• Do you think “greenwashing” (pretending to be eco-friendly without real action) is common?

• What industries will find it hardest to become sustainable?

• In 50 years, do you think businesses will be completely sustainable, or is that unrealistic?

Exercise 5 – Writing Task

Write a short essay (150–200 words) on the following:

"Some people argue that businesses should focus only on making profits, while others say companies must also protect the environment. Which opinion do you agree with? Give reasons and examples."

Sample Essay (TOEFL Style)

I believe that businesses must balance profit with protecting the environment, because long-term success depends on sustainability.

First, ignoring environmental issues may bring short-term profits, but it creates long-term risks. For example, companies that pollute heavily may face legal penalties or lose customers who prefer eco-friendly brands. In today’s market, reputation is as important as financial results.

Second, sustainability can actually increase profitability. Many eco-friendly practices save money in the long run. Installing solar panels, for example, reduces energy bills, while recycling materials lowers production costs. Companies that innovate in this area often gain a competitive advantage.

Of course, it is not easy for all businesses. Small companies may not have enough capital to invest in green technology. However, governments can support them through subsidies or tax breaks. This way, sustainability becomes possible for everyone.

In conclusion, I strongly believe that businesses should not choose between profit and responsibility. By focusing on both, they can ensure a healthier planet and stronger growth for the future.