Exercise 1 – Vocabulary

1. automation (noun) – the use of machines or technology to perform tasks without human labor.
   Example: Automation has already replaced many factory jobs.

2. disruption (noun) – a sudden change that causes major challenges in an industry.
   Example: Online shopping created a disruption in the retail market.

3. efficiency (noun) – the ability to do something well with little waste of time or resources.
   Example: AI can increase efficiency in healthcare by analyzing patient data quickly.

4. inequality (noun) – a situation in which some people have more opportunities or resources than others.
   Example: Automation may increase inequality if only highly skilled workers benefit.

5. upskill (verb) – to learn new skills in order to stay relevant in a changing job market.
   Example: Many workers will need to upskill as AI becomes more common.

6. ethical (adjective) – relating to moral principles about what is right or wrong.
   Example: Using AI to monitor employees raises serious ethical questions.

Exercise 2 – Article

By 2025, artificial intelligence (AI) is no longer just a futuristic idea — it is a daily reality in many workplaces. From chatbots in customer service to algorithms that predict consumer behavior, AI is reshaping how people work, live, and interact.

Supporters argue that AI brings enormous benefits. Machines can perform repetitive tasks faster and with greater efficiency, freeing humans for more creative and strategic work. In healthcare, AI can analyze scans with remarkable accuracy, while in education, personalized learning software can adapt to each student’s pace.

However, critics warn of serious risks. Automation could replace millions of jobs, leading to unemployment and greater inequality. Workers in manufacturing, transport, and even professional fields like law and journalism may see their roles disrupted. Ethical issues also arise: how much control should machines have over decisions that affect human lives?

The future of work may depend on how societies respond. Governments and companies will need to create opportunities for workers to upskill, and regulations will be necessary to ensure AI is used responsibly. What is clear is that the relationship between humans and technology is entering a new and uncertain phase.

Exercise 3 – Discussion Questions

1. What do you think are the biggest benefits of using AI in the workplace?

2. Which jobs do you think are most at risk from automation?

3. Do you believe AI will create more jobs than it destroys? Why or why not?

4. Should governments regulate how companies use AI?

5. Would you personally like to work in a job where AI plays a major role?

Exercise 4 – Further Discussion

1. How has AI already changed daily life in your country?

2. What skills will be most valuable in the future job market?

3. Should schools focus more on teaching creativity and critical thinking rather than memorization?

4. Do you think inequality will grow as technology advances?

5. How do you imagine work life will be different in 50 years?

Exercise 5 – Writing Task (TOEFL-style)

Write a short essay (150–200 words):

Some people believe AI will create a better future of work by making jobs easier and more creative. Others believe AI will destroy jobs and increase inequality.
State your opinion. Use examples from the article and your own reasoning to support your answer.

Exercise 6 – Self-Study

1. Vocabulary practice: Write one sentence for each new word (automation, disruption, efficiency, inequality, upskill, ethical).

2. Summary practice: Write a 4–5 sentence summary of the article in your own words.

Sample Model Essay (TOEFL-style)

I believe that artificial intelligence will improve the future of work, but only if governments and companies manage it carefully. AI has the potential to transform how we live, but it also brings serious risks.

First, AI can increase efficiency and reduce repetitive work. For example, in hospitals, AI systems already analyze medical images faster than doctors, allowing physicians to focus on patient care. This shows how technology can support rather than replace humans.

However, automation also creates disruption. Millions of workers could lose their jobs if they do not have the chance to upskill. Without investment in education and training, inequality will grow, and only wealthy people with access to advanced skills will benefit.

In conclusion, AI offers both opportunity and danger. If societies regulate its use and prepare workers for change, AI will make the future of work better. If not, it could lead to unemployment and ethical problems. The outcome will depend on the choices we make today.