Exercise 1 – Vocabulary

1. advertising (noun) – the activity of producing messages to promote products or services.
   Example: Online advertising now targets people based on their browsing history.

2. saturation (noun) – the state of being filled so much that no more can be added.
   Example: Many believe social media platforms are reaching advertising saturation.

3. innovative (adjective) – using new ideas or methods.
   Example: The company created an innovative campaign that went viral worldwide.

4. sponsor (verb/noun) – to support something financially, usually in exchange for publicity.
   Example: Several companies sponsored the sports tournament.

5. controversial (adjective) – causing strong public disagreement.
   Example: Advertising junk food to children remains highly controversial.

6. regulation (noun) – an official rule or law controlling how something is done.
   Example: Governments may need new regulations to control advertising in space.

Exercise 2 – Article

In 2025, advertising is no longer limited to television, radio, or even the internet. As technology advances, companies are searching for innovative ways to reach consumers, leading to bold new possibilities — and serious concerns.

Some experts predict that the next frontier could be advertising in space. Start-up companies in Japan and the United States are already exploring technology to project glowing logos into the night sky using satellites. Supporters argue that such campaigns would be unforgettable, reaching millions at once. Critics, however, warn that it could damage the beauty of the night sky and raise environmental questions.

Other future trends include hyper-personalized advertising, where artificial intelligence creates unique ads tailored to each individual’s habits, preferences, and even emotions. This could make advertising more effective, but also more invasive, blurring the line between persuasion and manipulation.

As advertising becomes increasingly saturated on Earth — from billboards to social media feeds — the search for attention may continue into new and controversial spaces. The challenge for society will be finding a balance between innovation, profit, and protecting public interest.

Exercise 3 – Discussion Questions

1. Would you like to see advertisements in space? Why or why not?

2. Do you think AI-powered personalized ads are helpful or invasive?

3. In your opinion, what is the most creative advertisement you’ve ever seen?

4. Should governments regulate how much advertising people are exposed to?

5. Do you think advertising influences people more than they realize? Why?

Exercise 4 – Further Discussion

1. What forms of advertising do you find the most effective today?

2. How has advertising changed compared to 20 years ago?

3. What are the dangers of advertising aimed at children?

4. Do you think there should be limits on advertising unhealthy products (fast food, alcohol, gambling)?

5. How do you imagine advertising will look in 50 years?

Exercise 5 – Writing Task (TOEFL-style)

Write a short essay (150–200 words):

Some people believe advertising in the future will be creative and exciting, helping companies and consumers alike. Others believe it will become overwhelming and harmful, invading every part of our lives.
State your opinion. Use examples from the article and your own ideas.

Exercise 6 – Self-Study

1. Vocabulary practice: Write one sentence for each new word (advertising, saturation, innovative, sponsor, controversial, regulation).

2. Summary practice: Write a 4–5 sentence summary of the article in your own words.

Sample Model Essay (TOEFL-style)

I believe the future of advertising is both promising and dangerous, and society will need to regulate it carefully. While innovation may create exciting opportunities, there are clear risks that cannot be ignored.

First, advertising in space could be visually striking, but it would also be controversial. People look at the night sky for beauty and inspiration, not to see logos. Allowing corporations to sponsor the stars would commercialize something that belongs to everyone.

Second, personalized AI-driven advertising could help consumers discover useful products, but it could also outpace privacy protections. If companies know every detail about a person’s habits and emotions, they could manipulate people in ways that are unfair or even harmful.

In conclusion, advertising will continue to evolve, but without strong regulations it could saturate not only our screens but also our skies. Innovation is exciting, but it must be balanced with ethical responsibility.